格拉斯哥Incunabula项目更新(14年7月2日)

像手稿书一样,无论是通过相当标准地添加了文理姓名缩写,许多incunabula的装饰都在不同程度上装饰到这些书籍中,这些著作带有精美的开放页面,其中包含精美的照明边界和历史缩写。但是,在我们的收藏中的书籍中发现了缩影的例子。因此,请注意描绘的微型Boniface VIII在我们的1476年版本的副本中Liber sextus Decretalium,由Peter Schoeffer印刷。当然,这是作者肖像(尽管自从Boniface在14世纪初去世以来,我们就无法真正评论其准确性!)。

Boniface VIII坐在宝座上,戴着三冠王,手里拿着书和教皇的工作人员(SP Coll BD9-A.11)

Miniature of Boniface in Mainz 1476 edition of Liber sextus Decretalium

Illuminated miniature in Bonifacius VIII, Pont. Max.: Liber sextus Decretalium (Sp Coll BD9-a.11)

Decorated opening page of Mainz 1476 edition of Liber sextus Decretalium

This important work on canon law was first printed in 1465 by the partnership of Fust and Schoeffer. As a printer specializing in legal texts, Schoeffer went on to produce a further three editions of this work, including this 1476 publication. We have already catalogued较早的Schoeffer版本从1473年开始,该批次还包括巴塞尔的迈克尔·旺斯勒(Michael Wenssler)在1477年印刷的作品的副本(实际上,这是Schoeffer的1476年版的非常紧密的重印)。我们有三个不同的版本的这项工作表明了它在15世纪的受欢迎程度 - 尽管查询ISTC数据库似乎表明,持有三个版本确实没有任何内容,鉴于该作品中有近60个不同的incunabula版本已记录在案。

我们的1476 Mainz版本的副本具有早期的修道院出处,并带有15/16世纪的铭文记录,该书是由约翰内斯·史密斯(Johannes Smawss)捐赠给维也纳的多米尼加·玛丽亚(Dominican S. Maria)的(iSte liber est Conue [n])t [us] wie [nnensis] ordi [ni] s f [atru] m p [rae] dicator [um] donat [us] eid [em] a venera [bi] li olim(?](?)artiu [m](?)johan [n] e smawss c [uius] a [n] i [m] a deo viuat”)。也许是Smawss委托这本书的装饰。除了微型Boniface外,这还包括(在同一页上)一个小的三线照明的“ B”开始了主文本,以及一个带有蓝色,淡紫色和红色花朵的中央边缘的有吸引力的叶面茎。本书的其余部分均以红色或蓝色的标准缩写进行装饰。

Colophon printed in red in Bonifacius VIII, Pont. Max.: Liber sextus Decretalium (Sp Coll BD9-a.11)

Colophon (printed in red) of Mainz 1476 edition of Liber sextus Decretalium

More research would have to be undertaken to ascertain where and when the decoration was applied to this copy, although it is tempting to speculate that it is of German origin given the book’s early provenance. Of course, it is always interesting to examine closely the different treatment of decoration in books, even in those volumes where it may be dismissed as being fairly “standard”. The decoration in the copy of the earlier Mainz 1473 edition that we hold is of a much more standard variety, consisting of initials and paragraph marks supplied throughout in alternate red and blue; however, the entire scheme may be regarded as incomplete since the space at the beginning of Book one (the same as in the 1476 edition where the miniature of Boniface and the small illuminated initial ‘B’ is found) has not been filled in and remains blank. The copy from Wenssler’s Basel edition has a different decorative scheme, meanwhile, with a fourteen-line penwork initial “B” being supplied in red and blue with reserved white in the incipit space.

penwork首字母在邦特·波特(Bonifacius VIII)中。Max。:Liber Sextus decretalium(SP Coll BD9-A.11)

Penwork initial in Basel 1477 edition of Liber sextus Decretalium

研究在Incunabula中发现的不同方法和方案的研究是研究领域的一个领域,在该领域中仍然有很多知识和理解。例如,该批次的另一本书是Consolatio theologiae(Strassburg: Printer of Henricus Ariminensis (possibly Georg Reyser?), ca. 1478), containing well executed if fairly formulaic small illuminated initials.

Erroneous initial added in Johannes de Tambaco: Consolatio theologiae (Sp Coll Hunterian Bx.2.10)

Erroneous initial “D” added in Johannes de Tambaco: Consolatio theologiae

在第一本书(Folio 9V)开幕式上发现的七行初始“ D”显然是专业人士的作品,并且在无数书中可能会发现类似的例子。但是,实际上,这是一个错误,这使我们对15世纪参与书籍装饰的15世纪工匠的工作实践有了深刻的了解。提供的“ d”使“ c”(拼写“ cum”)中的“ dum”(“ while”)一词。这两个词都是完全可以接受的拉丁语,但在上下文中只有“暨”(“ with”)是有意义的。打印机经常提供小的“指南”字母,以便抄写员手动插入字母,但在这种情况下却没有。装饰这本书的人是否完全了解拉丁语?是否只是发现了这个错误,直到为时已晚,然后以方便地离开,希望没人会注意到(毕竟这是一个非常好且错综复杂的初始,毕竟结合了几种颜色和花图案,并且是昂贵的用黄金装饰)。当您考虑一项耗时和艰苦的任务时,必须在印刷书籍中插入数百个(如果不是数千个)的姓名缩写,那么遇到此类错误就不足为奇了。

Margaret M. Smith* has referred to these craftsmen as working in a system in decay, and has raised some interesting points:

Rubrication was certainly a system designed for one technology – hand book production – which could hardly cope with the ramifications of a new technology. When a single manuscript copy of a text had taken months to write out, the additional labor of rubrication was hardly noticed, or at least it was in proportion to the labor of writing the text itself. But suddenly the single copy had become 200 to 300 or whatever, produced in much less time. Rubrication became the weakest link in an otherwise comparatively efficient flow of production, and a very considerable expense … Rubrication was destined to die out, belonging wholly to the old system of book production and being the opposite of everything that printing stood for …

要调查更多的虚假和装饰书籍的例子 - 从最精致的订购到最基本的书籍 - 请访问我们decoration index。We have also featured Schoeffer’s books in a number ofearlier blogs

*玛格丽特·史密斯(Margaret M.Linda L. BrownriggMedieval book production: assessing the evidence(安德森·洛夫拉斯:1990)。

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4 replies

  1. Hi there, really interesting post.
    我认为第一个段落中可能有一个错别字 - “ Boniface VIII”的“ Saint Boniface” - 但丁可能对此有话要说!

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